Книга пророка Исаии 1 глава 8 стих

] The verse, Your country lies desolate, your cities are burned with fire, and other such statements had in fact not transpired at the point in time at which they were pronounced, but they were to happen later in far-off times that the prophet had seen in advance. Here, instead of like a booth in a vineyard, Symmachus writes: like a hut in a vineyard, like a night watch in a cucumber field, like a plundered city. It is quite clear from what follows that the vineyard in this context is the entire nation, for the prophet himself says, “For the vineyard of the Lord is the house of Israel, and the man of Judah is a beloved young plant.” Then 7 he brings forward the grounds for their desertion: “I waited for it to produce justice, but it produced lawlessness—nor did it produce righteousness but a cry.”

In light of the statement above—“They have forsaken the Lord and provoked to anger the Holy One of Israel”—it could also be said that they will be abandoned. The verse that says that they have been abandoned like a booth in a vineyard signifies their complete lack of fruitfulness. For until the promise of their good fruit has been fulfilled, the vineyard has been turned over to the guard, who after erecting a booth, looks down from the heights above and keeps watch over the vineyard. If the fruit of the vineyard should fail to appear, so that the keeper not labor in vain, he leaves behind the barren land and withdraws the booth from its present station. And so, the divine Spirit then prophesied that the same would be true of the temple. We should note that when the entire nation is understood to be the vineyard, then the booth that was set up in the middle of all would be the temple in Jerusalem. Thus the guard watches over the vineyard as from a lookout tower. But since “instead of a cluster of grapes it produced thorns,” he then prophesies that the city and the temple will be abandoned. He says, like a booth in a vineyard, and like a garden-watcher’s hut in a cucumber field because the practices they called virtuous did not yield quality bunches of grapes, but it was not quite late summer at that point. Such was the temporary and corporeal worship according to “the law of Moses.” In appearance it was a bustling harvest, but it was temporary. For this reason the place where the late summer fruits were thriving is called a garden-watcher’s hut, and it is this lodge that he says will be abandoned. But abandoning the booth and lodge of their very master has resulted in the guard and the entire city being besieged, and the area and the nation have become a wilderness.

дщерь Сиона. Персонифицированный образ Иерусалима. Сион в данном случае символизирует народ Иудеи.

And he calls the nation a vineyard. For he will say later on: "For the vineyard of the Lord of Sabaoth is the house of Israel." But he says the cause of the desolation is that they longed for an outcry, having abandoned the meek and quiet spirit. For God justly repays by abandoning those who abandoned him. The complete abandonment is signified by the tent of the vineyard. For as long as it has fruits, the tent is inhabited by the one who guards it. But when these are harvested, it is left desolate. Thus, as the whole nation was bearing fruit, the divine temple stood. Instead of oversight, God guarded it from there, saying: "I will be to her, says the Lord, as a wall of fire round about, and I will be for glory in the midst of her." Therefore it was fortified by angelic powers. But when it sprouted the thorns of sins, and produced the grape of gall, and the vine-branch of Gomorrah, God says, through the one who sings the psalm, "I will take away its hedge, and it shall be for plunder," and the rest. And through another prophet he says: "I have forsaken my house, I have left my inheritance," and so on. 1837 And Josephus also has related in his works about the capture, that before the city was taken, voices of angels were heard by the priests, saying, "We are departing from here;" Not only, he says, did it not bear the more precious grape as fruit, nor the temporary harvest, and the corporeal worship according to the law of Moses. For it was beautiful in appearance and flourishing, but also temporary; to which the abandonment of the lodge in a garden of cucumbers is spoken, which again is the temple. And a cucumber field is called the watch-place of the cucumbers. For when, having abandoned the true God, we lift up our hands to a foreign God, we are handed over to those who destroy. But understand also the desolate land as the soul that receives the seeds of the word. But desolate as one deprived of virtues and piety. And such a one is also a city burned with fire, because of having much futility in its works, wood, hay, stubble; which are consumed on the day of judgment. The same is also a country devoured by strangers, not being filled with the fruits of the Spirit, of love, joy, and the other things; when foreign thoughts fall upon it, it is consumed, and the truly foreign demons destroy it, who, stripping away the virtues, do not depart until they have also instilled a fallacious knowledge. Thus every unfruitful person is deprived of the oversight of God. But one who bears fruit worthy of the eternal storehouses is guarded by the divine Spirit who wards off the enemies. Let us also understand the harvest as worldly pleasure, about which it was not fitting for a soul to be excited, a true vine planted by God, according to the image of the One who created it, who cleanses the fruit-bearing part for the production of more fruits. For he assists those who are willing toward the purification from passions, just as a farmer prunes a vine, restraining the superfluous white-growth, and perfecting the zeal for the good; but of the unwilling soul the hedges fall, the helps from the angels, and it is set before those who pass by and wish to ravage it, and a wild son, leaping in, destroys the whole thing; and the strangers who pass us by are the effective powers of the sins committed against knowledge, but a son, in the manner of one rushing irrationally and wallowing in stenches, the passions take hold of such a soul, because it did not bear fruit worthy of the divine storehouse, but rather fleeting and foul-smelling pleasures, for desiring which the lustful people of old were buried in the desert. For they wept, he says, remembering the cucumbers, and the melons, the foods of Egypt, which an Israelite who is fed with the heavenly bread would not eat. Scornfully rejecting this, they desired the onions and the garlic. For such is the life according to pleasure, being irritating and pungent, and it leaves a stench in the depth, and causes tears for those who live according to it; who are also abandoned like a besieged city, 1840 which enemies sit around, while those within practice indulgence, so that they may attack them when they are unguarded. And he called her daughter from her former name. And consequently to those things against the Savior he brought upon the things that had been dared;

The daughter of Zion shall be left like a booth in a vineyard, and like a lodge in a garden of cucumbers, as a city besieged. He calls Jerusalem the daughter of Zion. For just as he calls men "sons of men" and prophets "sons of prophets," so also he calls Jerusalem "daughter of Jerusalem" and "daughter of Zion." This one once flourished, when the vineyard had its ripe fruit; but when that was harvested, it has remained desolate like a booth of a vineyard. For the vine-dressers fence the vines with stone walls and hedges when they are heavy with fruit, and setting up high booths, they sit in them guarding the fruit; but when they gather it, they take down the booth and leave the vine unguarded. So also the vineyard of Israel, as long as it had the blessing promised to the nations, received every care; but when that was harvested and those who had believed in it were chosen by it, it was deprived of the hedge, it was deprived of the temple, and the renowned house has remained such as those who arrive there see it.