Книга пророка Иеремии, Глава 15, стих 10. Толкования стиха

BEYOND SUFFERING IS THE RESURRECTION. AMBROSE: Jeremiah also bewails his birth in these words: “Woe is me, my mother! Why have you borne me, a man of contention in all the earth? I have not benefited others, nor has anyone benefited me. My strength has failed.” If, then, holy people shrink from life whose life, though profitable to us, they themselves consider unprofitable, what ought we to do who are not able to profit others and who feel that our lives, like money borrowed at interest, grow more heavily weighted every day with an increasing mass of sins? “I die daily,” says the apostle. Better certainly is this saying than those who say that meditation on death is true philosophy, for while they praise the study, he exercises the practice of death. ON HIS BROTHER SATYRUS 2.34-35.

THE PRESENT WORLD IS FRAGILE. GREGORY OF NAZIANZUS: Such is our life, we whose existence is so transitory. Such is the game we play on earth. We do not exist, and we are born, and being born, we disintegrate and disappear. We are a fleeting dream, an apparition without substance, the flight of a bird that passes, a ship that leaves no trace on the sea. We are dust, a vapor, the morning dew, a flower growing but a moment and withering in a moment. “A person’s days are as grass. As the flower of the field, so shall he flourish,” beautifully, as described by holy David in meditating on our weakness. And again in these words: “Declare to me the fewness of my days.” And he defines the days of people as the measure of a span. What would you say to Jeremiah, who, complaining about his birth, even blames his mother, and that, too, for the failings of others. I have seen all things, says the Preacher, I have reviewed in thought all human things, wealth, pleasure, power, unstable glory, wisdom that evades us rather than is won; then pleasure again, wisdom again, often revolving the same objects, the pleasures of appetite, orchards, numbers of slaves, store of wealth, serving men and serving maids, singing men and singing women, arms, spearmen, subject nations, collected tributes, the pride of kings, all the necessaries and superfluities of life, in which I surpassed all the kings that were before me. And what does he say after all these things? Vanity of vanities. ON HIS BROTHER ST. CAESARIUS 19.

Горе мне мать моя, что ты родила меня человеком ссоры (или суда), человеком раздора (или чтобы судиться мне) во всей земле. Это можно синекдохически понимать в отношении к Иеремии, что он был судим, — не во всем мире, а в земле Иу­дейской. Истинно же это соответствует Господу Спасителю, Который говорит в Евангелии: на суд аз в мир сей приидох, да не видящие видят, и видящие слепы будут (Ин. 9:39) и о котором написано: се лежит сей нападение и на возстание многим во Израили и в знамение пререкаемо (Лк. 2:34). Ибо кто из философов, кто из язычников, кто из еретиков не су­дит Христа, кто из них не полагает для Него законов своего существа в Его рождении, страдании и в воскресе­нии? И неудивительно, что по истине воспринятой плоти Христос говорит: горе мне мать моя, когда и в дру­гом месте, очевидно, Его лицу соответствует сказанное: у, люте мне? понеже бых аки собираяй сламу на жатве, и яко пародок в обимании винограда не сущу гроздию еже ясти первоплодная. И чтобы мы не думали, что уничижение стенаний относится к Слову Божию, вслед за тем говорится, кто это сетующий: "о горе мне, душа, потому что погиб возвращающийся от земли" (Мих. 7:1-2), — не в смысле разделения лиц (personas), как делают нечестивые, но в том смысле, что один и тот же Сын Божий говорит то соответственно плоти, то соответственно Слову Божию.

Не давал я в рост, и мне никто не давал в рост: все проклинают меня. Вместо этого LXX перевели: не оказывал я пользы и мне никто не оказывал пользы; а Феодотион: я не должен был и мне никто не был должен. Смысл всего этого от лица Христа такой: не оказалось никого, кто достойно по­лучал бы деньги Мои; и Мне никто не давал в рост, благотворя святым и бедным, делая Меня должником себе. Или: не оказывал Я пользы, и Мне никто не оказывал пользы; ибо никто столько не хотел принимать, сколько Я хотел дать. И Мне никто не оказывал пользы; ибо спасение тварей есть приобретение для Творца. Или: Я не должен был, и Мне никто не должен был: никто не дал Мне, сколько Я хотел по­лучить, и не сделал Меня должником себе в чем либо. Слова: и Мне никто не был должен имеют такой смысл: как мог быть Мне должен проценты тот, кто не оказался достойным получить Моего капитала? Все проклинают, говорит, Меня. Ибо кто из еретиков и заблуждающихся не проклинает Христа, веруя в превратное, или веруя превратно, и еще более превратным образом богохульствуя.

JEREMIAH’S WOE AND CHRIST’S WOE. JEROME: This synecdoche can be understood concerning Jeremiah, who shall be judged only in the land of Judea, out of the entire world. He corresponds to the true Lord our Savior, who says in the Gospel: “I have come into this world for judgment, that those who do not see may see and those who see may be blinded,” about whom it was also written: “Behold, this child is set for the ruin and resurrection of many in Israel and for a sign of contradiction.” For which of the philosophers and pagans and who among the heretics does not judge Christ by applying their laws to his birth and suffering and resurrection and substance? Nor is it strange for Christ to be saying, according to the truth of his assumed body, “Woe is me, my mother,” when, in another location, it is obviously a speaker who corresponds to his person who says, “Woe is me, for I have become as one who gathers the stubble at harvest and as a cluster of the vine having no first fruit to eat.” And lest we think that the weakness of these groans reflects on the Word of God, who is indeed the person that mourns, immediately he continues, “Woe is me, my soul that perishes from the earth in reverence.” It is not that we wish to divide Christ into two persons, like the impious do, but rather that one and the same Son of God sometimes speaks according to the flesh and sometimes according to the Word of God. SIX BOOKS ON JEREMIAH 3.52.1-3.

WHEN A CHRISTIAN IS JUDGED, CHRIST IS JUDGED. ORIGEN: “As what kind of man, judged and disputed over all of the earth, did you bear me?” If you see with me those martyrs who are judged in every place, those who submit to judges in each district, you will see in what way Jesus Christ is judged in each of the martyrs. For he is the one who is judged in those who testify to the truth, and you will be persuaded, he says, to accept this when you see that you are not in prison when you are in prison, but himself, you are not punished when you are punished, but himself, you do not thirst, but himself. “I was in prison and you visited me, hungry and you gave me something to eat, thirsty and you gave me drink.” Hence, if a Christian is judged not for something else, not for his own sins but because he is a Christian, Christ is the one judged. Thus, over all the earth Jesus Christ is judged. And as often as a Christian then is judged, Christ is the one judged, not only before proceedings such as these. But suppose a Christian is slandered and accused unjustly for something, then too Christ is judged unjustly. HOMILIES ON JEREMIAH 14.7.