Толкование Книга пророка Исаии 61 глава 0 стих - Экзегет

The Spirit of the Lord is upon me, for which reason the Lord has anointed me. We do not need many proofs when interpreting this prophecy; for the Lord himself has made it clear to us. For having entered into the synagogue and taken this book, then having unrolled it and read this prophecy, he said to those who were listening: “Today this scripture has been fulfilled in your ears” and he showed plainly that it was he who spoke these things about himself through the prophet. And he was anointed with the all-holy Spirit not as God but as man. And we have already shown this many times in what has gone before. And we have found it written in this book: “Jacob my servant, I will help him, Israel my chosen one, my soul has accepted him; I will put my Spirit upon him, he will bring forth justice to the nations,” and again: “A rod shall come forth from the root of Jesse, and a flower shall rise from the root. And the Spirit of God will rest upon him, the spirit of wisdom and understanding, the spirit of counsel and might, the spirit of knowledge and piety, the spirit of the fear of God will fill him.” He himself therefore says here: The Spirit of the Lord is upon me, for which reason the Lord has anointed me. And he states the reasons for the anointing: He has sent me to preach good news to the poor. For the nature of men has fallen into the utmost poverty, and especially the nations that serve idols. To heal the brokenhearted, to proclaim release to the captives and recovery of sight to the blind. He calls all men these things: poor, as having lost the heavenly wealth; brokenhearted, as having corrupted their reason; blind, as having been ignorant of God and having worshiped creation; captives, as having deserted to the tyrant and having fallen from their former freedom.

To proclaim the acceptable year of the Lord and the day of recompense for our God. For not only did he grant us the forgiveness of sins and deliver us from the tyranny of the devil and show us the divine light, but he also promised the future life and threatened the just judgment. For I think |178 a| an acceptable year is named his former coming, but a day of recompense, the day of judgment. To comfort all who mourn. For with the hope of the resurrection he tempered the despair of death.

To give to those who mourn in Zion glory to them instead of ashes, an oil of gladness to those who mourn, a garment of glory instead of a spirit of faintheartedness. The phrase, ‘an oil of gladness,’ Theodotion and Symmachus interpreted as ‘an oil of exultation.’ And it alludes to the mystical anointing, by which, being deemed worthy, we receive gladness and the mantle of glory; for the garment must be understood as a robe. For so also Theodotion: ‘a mantle of boasting,’ and Symmachus: ‘a mantle of praise.’ And the phrase: ‘instead of a spirit of faintheartedness,’ the Three have rendered ‘instead of a faint spirit.’ For having driven out from us the faint and sullen spirit of faintheartedness, he has given us the mantle of glory. And the saints dwelling in Zion especially lamented, seeing the impiety of its inhabitants. From these was that great Simeon who was also divinely warned ‘not to see death before he had seen the Lord's Christ,’ from these were the prophetess Anna and many others, who lamented the lawlessness of the Jews and awaited the salvation of God; for these he ended their mourning by appearing. And they shall be called generations of righteousness, a planting of the Lord for glory. That is, these who are chosen from Zion, the twelve, the seventy, the one hundred and twenty, the five hundred, the three thousand, the many myriads. So also the blessed David says: ‘This is the generation of those who seek the Lord.’ But the Three, instead of ‘generations of righteousness,’ have rendered ‘the strong of righteousness, a plant of the Lord to be glorified.’ For as certain best generals of piety, traveling about the inhabited world, they overthrew impiety and, becoming the first plants of the Lord, they planted the desert. 

Святым апостолам говорит пророк так: будучи гонимыми и поруган­ными, находясь под пытками, все с терпением переносите, выдер­живая множество ликов смерти, ибо через ваши страдания народы преисполнятся спасения и родится множество ликующих.

And they shall build the ancient wastes, they shall raise up the former desolations, and they shall repair the waste cities, the desolations from generation to generation. Let the Jews show these things to have happened. But we show the cities corrupted by impiety to have been piously rebuilt and renewed by the holy apostles and by those who succeeded their preaching. 

And strangers shall come, shepherding your flocks, and foreigners shall be your plowmen and vinedressers. For from foreign nations are the teachers of the church, whom he has also named shepherds and plowmen and vinedressers.

But you shall be called priests of the Lord, you shall be spoken of as ministers of our God. But those thrice-blessed ones held the apostolic name as exceptional; for even if these succeeded to their work, yet no one dares to usurp their title. You shall eat the wealth of the nations, and in their riches you shall be admired. For having overthrown the prevailing impiety, you supplied them with spiritual wealth, being admired by all for the strange transformation.

Instead of their double shame, and instead of dishonor, their portion shall rejoice. To the holy apostles he says these things: Do not be vexed when you are persecuted and tortured and receive reproaches from all and endure countless forms of death; for through your sufferings the nations will obtain salvation and will become of the portion of those who rejoice. Therefore they shall inherit their land a second time. And showing the manner of the inheritance, he added: And everlasting joy shall be upon their heads. For the earth shall be released from its former curse and shall be new, putting off the corruption |178 b| with which it is now clothed. For so also the divine apostle said: ‘And creation itself will be set free from its bondage to corruption into the freedom of the glory of the children of God.’ Therefore, he called the future life a second inheritance.

For I am the Lord, who loves righteousness and hates plunder from injustice, and I will give their labor to the just <and I will make an everlasting covenant with them>. <...> <And the phrase: and I will give the labor to their just ones,> thus the Three interpreted: “and I will give their labor in truth”; for I will give them their reward, fulfilling my promise.

And their seed will be known among the nations and their offspring in the midst of the peoples. He calls seed of the holy apostles and offspring those who have succeeded to their preaching. Everyone who sees them will recognize them, that they are a seed blessed by God.

"От лица Церкви он восклицает в адрес своего благодетеля: Да возрадуется душа моя о Господе, так как Он облек меня в ризу спасения и одеждою радости одел меня. Называет же ризой спасения и одеждой радости благодать святого Крещения. Ибо все, — говорит, — во Христа крестившиеся во Христа облеклись (Гал. 3:27). Ибо и на еврейском языке риза спасения будет риза ешоа (ἰεσῶα; в еврейском тексте риза спасения: בִּגְךֵי־יֶשַׁע), то есть Иисуса"

Благодатные надежды

От лица Церкви пророк воскли­цает, обращаясь к благодетелю: возвеселится душа моя (Ис 61:10). <...>. Одежду Спасителя и хитоны радости всесвятого крещения на­зывает благостью: Все вы, говорит, во Христа крестившиеся, во Христа облеклись (Гал 3:27). Вот почему в еврейском языке одежда Спасителя одеждой Иешуа называется, то есть одеждой Иисуса. Как жениха...

Невестой же называет ее, как обру­ченной жениху, женихом же - того, за кого она выдается замуж. Убран­ство же трое толковников трактуют как «венец». Об этом уборе и бла­женный Давид упоминает: стала, - говорит, - царица одесную Тебя, в одежду золотую узорчатую одетая (Пс 44:10, LXX). Раскрывает же текст разнообразные дары Святого Духа.

And with joy they will rejoice in the Lord. “For by the fruit the tree is known” according to the Lord's teaching. And how the servants of our Savior are distinguished, the facts themselves bear witness; for we see those entrusted with the greatest offices continually running to them and with fervent eagerness receiving the blessing from them. Having thus prophesied these things, he changes the form of the discourse and cries out in the person of the church to the benefactor: Let my soul rejoice in the Lord; for he has clothed me with a garment of salvation and has wrapped me in a tunic of gladness. A garment of salvation and a tunic of gladness he calls the grace of the all-holy baptism; “For as many of you,” he says, “as were baptized into Christ, have put on Christ.” Therefore also in the Hebrew language the garment of salvation is called a garment of *iesoua*, that is, of Jesus. As a bridegroom he has placed a mitre on me and as a bride he has adorned me with an ornament. She calls herself a bride as joined to the bridegroom, and a bridegroom as having put on the bridegroom. But the Three Interpreters called the mitre a “crown.” The blessed David also makes mention of this adornment; "The queen," he says, "stood at your right hand, clothed in a golden robe, adorned with variety." And the word of the all-holy spirit indicates the various gifts.

And as the earth brings forth its beauty and flower and as a garden makes its seeds sprout, so the Lord will cause righteousness and exultation to spring up before all the nations. He showed the whole world to have become one paradise of righteousness. .